Gene Therapy the Danger of Enhancement Essay - 3916 Words

Gene Therapy: the Danger of Enhancement I. Introduction Gene therapy has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine. The techniques of gene therapy are still in their infancy as medical treatments and there are still many problems which must be solved before gene therapy will live up to its potential. However, it is very likely that gene therapy will become a reality at some point in the future and when that time comes, the ethical questions surrounding gene therapy will be pushed to the forefront of medicine. Science may find a way to reduce the risks associated with gene therapy but science alone cannot eliminate the serious ethical and societal risks which gene therapy brings to bear on the world. We need to put peoples†¦show more content†¦Currently, modified viruses, liposomes and bacteria are being employed as vectors for gene transfer with viruses being by far the most commonly used (Bonn, 1996). According to Craig Donegan, there are three basic methods of delivery: the ex vivo method transfers DNA to cells extracted f rom the patient and reinjects those cells, the in vivo method injects vectors into the bloodstream to seek and bind targeted cells, and the in situ method injects vectors directly into the affected tissue (1995). We currently group types of gene therapy by the nature of the cells which are affected and the goal of the therapy. Nelson Wivel, director of the Office of Recombinant DNA Activities at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Georgetown University professor of philosophy and ethics Leroy Walters (1993) group types of gene therapy into three categories: type 1 is gene therapy which affects only non-reproductive or somatic cells, type 2 is gene therapy which involves gene transfer to reproductive or germ-line cells, types 3 and 4 are the use of somatic and germ-line modifications respectively to affect selected physical and mental characteristics with the aim of influencing physical appearance or abilities - enhancement therapy (p. 533). In the U.S., the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) at NIH oversees research and clinical trials of gene therapy. At present the RAC permits many somatic cell therapy trials but does not permit germ-lineShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Genetic Engineering1639 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering has to do with manipulating organisms and DNA to create body characteristics. The practice of genetic DNA has shown an increasing amount over the past years. The process of genetic enhancement involves manipulating organisms by using biotechnologies. The technique is by removing a DNA from one life form and transferring it to another set of traits or organism. Certain barriers are conquered, and the procedure involves changing a form of cells, resulting from an improvement orRead MoreGene Doping Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesGene Doping is defined as using â€Å"Forbidden substances or methods to increase physical and or mental performance† (go.galegroup.com). Gene doping is banned from athletics, and very dangerous to use, mainly for the body. There are some pluses to the drug, it helps with dangerous diseases, helps people gain strength back, and also helps them become more resistant to being winded. Even thoug h it is good for the sick, for the healthy it plays the same role but it is very dangerous because there areRead MoreIslamic and Catholic Views on Genetic Engineering1265 Words   |  6 Pagesand Secondary sources found that Gene Enhancement had no place in the religions of Catholicism and Islam; both believe it is selfish, unnecessary and unethical. It is an embellishment to human vanity and additionally, insults human integrity when the offspring is affected by the technology. (What is the Catholic view on genetic engineering? - Mary Meets Dolly. 12/ 05/ 2014.) The Catholic Church In 1983, Pope John Paul II mentioned in an address â€Å"genetic enhancement was permissible- indeed, laudable-Read More Gene Therapy Essay4691 Words   |  19 PagesGene Therapy Gene therapy is a powerful new technology that has the ability to change the way medicine is practiced in the future. The potential of gene therapy offers great hope for cure and alleviation of suffering from genetic disorders that now plague numerous people. Within this past decade, much research has been conducted to learn about the aspects of gene therapy, but there is still much to learn before it is an effective medical treatment. Despite failures to prove any clinical efficacyRead MoreEugenic Decision-Making1489 Words   |  6 Pagesneurological illnesses and in which parental free choice is valued. Gregory Stock’s essay, The Enhanced and Un-Enhanced, presents otherwise by supporting the position of maximalist eugenics, allowing individuals the full extent in the selection of genes. On the other hand, the film, Gattaca, raises major ethical problems by illustrating a dystopian society resulted by extensive eugenic decision-making. While both opposing views presents reas onable and valid arguments, the critique of eugenics willRead MoreGenetic Modification Should Be Supported By The Government1326 Words   |  6 Pagesa sophisticated gene-snipping technology that is much easier and cheaper than other methods. This sudden development has motivated many to start experimenting, and researchers have been able to stop cancer cells from multiplying, make cells impenetrable to the HIV virus, and create a fungus-resistant wheat that could solve world hunger. Overwhelmed by this advancement, the scientific community has been debating over how to use this new power in their hands. Germline gene therapy is a form of geneticRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Reproductive Cloning1648 Words   |  7 Pagesproduce offspring of an organism that is genetically identical to the parent. They do this by transferring a donor nucleus into the enucleated cytoplasm of the host egg (Diaz 2014). Recombinant DNA technology involves inserting one or more individual genes into the DNA of a separate species (Diaz 2014). GMOs have become widely used in many different areas of society, three of which are animals, agriculture, and for the advancement of human health. However, this scientific advancement does have disadvantagesRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops1191 Words   |  5 Pagesbe applied to everyone. That is if course everyone uses the enhancements equally, which is impossible considering the barriers of money and even genetic code. From current understanding, there are certain codes that cannot be mixed in the human body that coexist, therefore certain races would have certain modifications that could only be added to them. But in those cases Darwinism may create a social barrier between those with enhancements and those who remained human. A rift like that may cause veryRead MoreThe Dangers of Genetic Engineering Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Genetically manipulating genes to create certain traits in a human embryo is impossible at this point.   Perhaps it will never happen.   It is not inevitable in the long run, as some scientists pragmatically point out. (Embgen).   It is, however, something that dominates modern day discussion concerning genetics and therefore must be addressed with care and consideration.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many ways that gene manipulation could come about.   Advances in spermatogenesis as well as theRead MoreIs Genetic Engineering For Athletes?2443 Words   |  10 Pageslooked for the one thing that will get them to be bigger, stronger, and better enough to beat out all the other teams. As technology expands, new ways of making the better athlete have been discovered. Currently, you can do a process called gene doping to gain new genes to increase your athletic potential. This new technique has created ethical problems in today’s sports world. The sports community has questioned what the future of sports is going to look like if genetic modification for athletes becomes

Early Civilian Matrix Essay - 2503 Words

Early Civilizations Matrix Using your readings and outside sources, complete the following matrix. Be sure to address the following in your matrix Provide names, titles, dates, brief descriptions of important events, and other details, as necessary. Note the details of key political, socioeconomic, technological, artistic, musical, architectural, philosophical, and literary developments for each civilization listed in the table, which were evidenced in the humanities. Properly cite the sources you use in completing this matrix. CivilizationPoliticsSociety and EconomicsTechnologyArtMusicArchitecturePhilosophyLiteratureB- uddhismThe Budda tells the story of his life. Buddhism is one of the most important Asian spiritual†¦show more content†¦(Middle Ages, n.d.)Ancient GreeceAncient Greece wascomposed of mulitiple self-governing states. Political standing was determined by sex, age, foreign status, and states. ( Discovery Channel, 2010)Agriculture was difficult due to geograph ic necessities such as rich soil.Talos, automatic doors, steam engines, and water/air pumps. Talos was an operational robot.(Sfetos, 2002)Art during the Archac period was on a more natural level. Approved greek artists worked in jewelry making, metal working, ivory carving, and gem cutting. (The Metropolitian Museum of Art, 2000-2001)Lyric poetry and short songs with musical instruments. Poems to be sung by a chorus on sacred or ritual occasions. (King, n.d.)Donic Ionic principals. Columns were very popular in the Ancient Greece period.( The Metropolitian Museum of Art, 2000-2001) In Ancient Greece only free men born in the city were allowed to vote. They were able to enter political debates.( Philosphy Politics of Ancient Greece, 2002-2011)Poetry was created far before literature and writings. Poetry was intented for singing and reciting. (Greek Literature, 2001)Ancient RomanThe ancient government was very similar to that of greeks. The Roman Empire was under one man rule until the beginning of time.(UNRV.com, 2003-2014)Slave-based economy. Agriculture and trade dominated the Roman economy. (UNRV.com, 2003-2014)Aqueducts, sewage systems and major technologicalShow MoreRelatedRabies Virus ( Rv )1195 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Rabies virus (Rv) is a type species1 of the viral genus Lyssavirus from the phylogenetic family Rhabdoviridae. The morphology pertaining to Lyssavirus consist of a spiked viral envelop surrounding a protein matrix—protein M2—and an inner ribonucleocapsid3 complex containing the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). The spiked appearance of the viral envelop is secondary to the presence of glycoproteins that line its outer surface. Lyssavirus maintains both a helical and a cubical symmetryRead MoreNorth Korea ( Nk )1370 Words   |  6 PagesChina publish. 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Social Security with Baby Boomers Essay Example For Students

Social Security with Baby Boomers Essay Social SecurityThe problem within Social Security is that the ratio of workers paying Social Security taxes to retirees receiving the benefits is getting worse. There were 16.5 workers for each Social Security recipient in 1950. Today there are only 3.2 workers per recipient of Social Security. According to the Social Security Legislative Bulletin, According to current projections, in 2030 there will be fewer than 2 workers per recipient. There are various strategies for changing the Social Security System. One way, according to an article title Social Security or Social Insecurity, is to increase employment. It states that We must allow additional Employment Based immigration of young, professional college educated workers who, through their employer contributions will continue to support Social Security. One strategy is to triple the number of employment based immigrants, primarily increasing the number of higher earning priority workers and professionals. They will require that sponsors of new immigrants demonstrate incomes of at least twice the current poverty level, and eliminate loopholes, which allow illegal immigrants to remain in the U.S. I feel that the trust fund is only a fraud used to mask the size of the federal deficit. Any surpluses are spent immediately on other federal programs. Now the Baby Boomers have to depend on the taxpayers, not the fund. Come 2020, Congress will have to raise taxes to pay off the loans.(N.Y Times, March 1991) I think that the government definitely has to stop the borrowing of the money to pay for the budget deficit. I feel that the Social Security would be fine if the government would stop borrowing the money. Business